On the one hand, TNF- inhibitors may increase the nucleosome-mediated autoantibody formation, interfere with the cytotoxic T-cell suppression of autoreactive B cells, and decrease Treg synthesis and activation
0.9% in the placebo group) that responded to treatment
Lancet 402(10406):9981011 Finocchiaro G, Merlo M, Sheikh N, De Angelis G, Papadakis M, Olivotto I, Rapezzi C, Carr-White G, Sharma S, Mestroni L, Sinagra G (2020) The electrocardiogram in the diagnosis and management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Overall, Trp metabolism influences the functional spectrum of macrophages through two intertwined pathways, namely the stress response induced by Trp depletion and the AhR signaling mediated by Kyn/indole derivatives. The overall outcome is often manifested as restriction of pro-inflammatory programs and support of immunoregulatory/tolerance-related phenotypes, although this effect is condition-dependent and influenced by ligand source (host or microbial), inflammatory stage, and the tissue microenvironment