Instead, the timeline is determined by your physical recovery and the type of surgery you underwent
As emphasized by Guneet Gandhi et al., 2021, while liposomal formulations show theoretical and mechanistic advantages, robust large-scale clinical trials are still needed to define optimal dosing, duration, and condition-specific efficacy
AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 serves as a primary readout for PI3K pathway activation
Nonetheless, due to biological and physiological differences between a small animal model and humans, such as a thinner cartilage, possible spontaneous healing of defects, biomechanics, and physical loading in small animals, thus, an additional chondral defect repair study using minipigs should be conducted to confirm these effects