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Besides, akin to GLP1, GIP demonstrates a glucosedependent effect on insulin secretion [127], implying that GIP could function in the antihyperglycemic effect of DPP4i

GABAergic-astrocyte signaling: a refinement of inhibitory brain networks

In summary, AT II infusion is sufficient to induce HDP and IL-6 production, and AT II inhibition is sufficient to prevent LPS-induced HDP, suggesting that the stimulation of AT II signaling underlies MIA and HDP

rather, they recalibrate mesolimbic dopamine signaling in a context-dependent manner, preserving baseline dopaminergic function while selectively dampening drug- or reward-driven hyperactivity